• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Device (2) for transporting a medium, having at least one channel (8) extending in an axial direction, through which the medium is guided, the respective channel (8) being surrounded by an electrically conductive inner casing (38) which is connected to a potential equalization conductor (58) is connected, and with an outer sheath (32), wherein between the channel (8) and the outer sheath (32) an electrically conductive outer sheath (50) is provided, wherein the outer sheath (50) with an electric conductive potential equalization conductor (56) is connected, wherein between the channel (8) and the outer sheath (50) an electrically insulating intermediate layer (68) is arranged, wherein the intermediate layer (68) is made of heat-insulating material, wherein the outer sheath (32). is electrically conductive.
    公开号:CH714435A2
    申请号:CH01493/18
    申请日:2018-12-04
    公开日:2019-06-14
    发明作者:Peter Böhlke Dr；Boldt Raimund；Daniewski Peter；Krämer Eduard；Hans-Günter Wobker Dr；Hefter Gerhard
    申请人:Kme Germany Ag & Co Kg；Agt Psg Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description: The invention relates to a device for transporting a medium, having at least one channel extending in an axial direction through which the medium is guided, the respective channel being surrounded by an electrically conductive inner casing which is connected to a potential equalization conductor , and with an outer sheath, wherein between the channel and the outer sheath, an electrically conductive outer sheath is provided, wherein the outer sheath is connected to an electrically conductive equipotential bonding conductor, wherein between the channel and the outer sheath an electrically insulating intermediate layer is arranged, wherein the Intermediate layer is made of thermally insulating material. It further relates to a packaging method for such a device.
    Such devices may be formed, for example, as an analysis lines through which a sample of a fluid, in particular gaseous medium, but also of dusts, is forwarded from a sampling point to an analysis station in which it is then examined. They then serve, to a certain extent, as measuring lines within the scope of test gas measurements.
    In potentially explosive areas or zones, e.g. In areas where highly flammable gases or vapors are generated, there is a risk of ignition sparks due to electrostatic charging of the analyzer line, which can lead to an explosion of the gas, steam and / or dust mixture. Such zones are referred to as hazardous areas and occur in various industries and industries.
    To avoid electrostatic charges various solutions are known in the art. In the case of pre-assembled cables, the analyzer cables or bundles of tubes must already be assembled with initial and final assembly in an ATEX-certified operation. The cables can no longer be shortened after assembly on site. In these lines, conductive annular corrugated hoses are used, which derive the charging of the outer jacket via a copper braid inwards.
    The prior art DE 102016 002 103 A1 should be mentioned. It is a multilayer heatable media line and the packaging of such a media line disclosed. The media line has an inner conduit lumen for the passage of medium, in particular a gefriergefährdeten medium. The conduit wall of the media conduit consists of at least two material layers, wherein the material layers form at least one permeation barrier and / or inner layer preventing or retarding cracks, at least one second layer imparting at least one inner layer mechanical strength and / or compressive strength, at least one on the at least Having a second layer disposed electrically conductive third layer and at least one disposed on the at least one electrically conductive third layer thermal and / or electrical insulating fourth layer. The multi-layer heatable media line should preferably have outer diameter of 4 to 12 mm. It is preferably a prefabricated media line with a connection component arranged at the end on the media line. The material of the connection component should be connected to the material of the second layer, which gives the media line a mechanical strength and / or compressive strength. The connection components are therefore not intended to be connected to an electrically conductive layer. Use in potentially explosive areas is therefore ruled out due to the electrically non-conductive connection components.
    A device for transporting a medium is disclosed in DE 10 2013 217 159 A1. This device makes it possible to shorten the line on site, the electrostatic charge of the outer jacket is derived by an underlying conductive layer (in particular a film of aluminum). The dissipation of charge works reliably, if the outer sheath is not thicker than 2.0 mm, but not for the ATEX gas class HC. However, as often exist in factories of the chemical and petrochemical industries MC zones, such a device can be used only in certain areas. Thus, for use in the gas class HC, the outer sheath should only have a thickness of 0.2 mm. On the one hand, this is not feasible in terms of production technology, on the other hand, such a thin outer shell would no longer offer any protection against external influences.
    The invention is therefore based on the object to improve a device of the type mentioned above so that it offers better Ableitfähigkeit in potentially explosive areas, especially IlC zones, while simultaneously confectioning possibility. Furthermore, a corresponding confectioning process should be specified.
    With regard to the device, this object is achieved according to the invention that the outer sheath is formed electrically conductive. The term "conductive" in the sense of the invention at the same time includes the Ableitfähigkeit. Ableitfähig is a substance or a material with a resistivity of more than 104 ßm and less than 109Ωηι. As conductive in the technical guidelines is considered a substance or material with a specific electrical resistance <104Ωηι. The invention therefore covers outer shells with a specific electrical resistance <109 Ωηι.
    Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
    The invention is based on the consideration that known prefabricated cables can not be shortened on site. In addition to the impairment of the properties of the shell itself, such a configuration also usually requires a pre-assembly of the device, since the start and end side or sample and analysis side must be completed with end caps. As a result, the length of the line is set from the outset.
    The annular corrugated sheath used in this case has no smooth surface, so it can come when laying on sharp edges to damage or destruction of the outer jacket. If such damage does not go unnoticed, this can lead to dangerous situations such as explosions in addition to the impairment of the sample transport in an explosive area. In addition, a conductive annular corrugated sheath is very thin and therefore offers no long-term protection against weather-related influences.
    In turn, other analysis lines described above can not be used in MC ranges. It would thus be desirable to have a prefabricatable device that is prefabricatable and can be used in highly explosive areas and which has an outer sheath that protects the line sufficiently.
    As has now been recognized, these objectives can be achieved at the same time that an electrically conductive sheath separate from the jacket is used and at the same time the outer sheath is formed conductive. The equipotential bonding between this sheath with ground potential, ie the grounding of this sheath, potential differences can be avoided, which could lead to the formation of sparks and thus to explosions. Charges can flow from the outer sheath directly to the conductive sheath, which is arranged radially inside the outer sheath. In this way, even large amounts of charge can drain quickly.
    The outer jacket is preferably formed or made of a thermoplastic material with 1 to 6 wt .-% carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The conductivity of the outer jacket is preferably realized by adding carbon to a thermoplastic urethane in the form of CNTs with preferably 4 to 6 wt .-%. Higher levels of CNTs lower the resistivity. The CNTs are preferably multi-wall CNTs (MWCNT). The CNTs may also be a mixture of single-wall (SWCNT) and MWCNTs, in particular with an overwhelming share of MWCNTs.
    The device preferably has an end piece on which a conductive cap is applied. The cap is preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
    Preferably, on the cap and partially applied to the outer shell or one end of the outer jacket, a conductive shrink tube or aufgerümpft, which attaches the cap and conductively connects to the outer shell. The shrink tube is preferably formed of dissipative PE, conductive adhesive based on PA and is particularly free of lead and cadmium. Due to the fact that the outer sheath, the cap and the shrink tubing are made of conductive materials, a high conductivity is also possible at the ready-made end.
    The envelope can lie directly on the inside of the outer shell and thus touch it from the inside. However, technical reasons may be provided between the outer sheath and the outer sheath one, in particular electrically conductive, intermediate layer, in particular a film that provides additional protection. The outer envelope is preferably formed as a metal foil, which effectively acts as an electrostatically conductive protective shield.
    The device is configured in a particularly preferred embodiment as an analysis line for the transport of gases, liquids and / or dusts. It is particularly preferred for applications in potentially explosive atmospheres (Ex environment according to Directive 94/9 / EC).
    The equipotential bonding conductors are preferably copper (CU-ETP1) and the inner and outer sheaths are preferably made of aluminum, i. formed as a radially enveloping, substantially cylindrical aluminum foil.
    Between the channel and the outer envelope according to the invention an intermediate layer is arranged. The intermediate layer is made of heat-insulating material.
    In a preferred embodiment, the respective channel is surrounded by an electrically conductive inner sheath, which is connected to a potential equalization conductor. That is, in addition to the outer envelope and an inner envelope for the removal of cargoes is provided. Such a configuration is advantageous, although in particular inside the device, e.g. in or in the area of the channels, electrical charges may arise. In combination with this or alternatively, the respective channel can also consist of electrically conductive material, for example a nonferrous metal (non-ferrous metal), and be grounded via an equipotential bonding conductor, so that charges can flow directly from the channel. If the respective electrically conductive channel is grounded directly, it is therefore possible to dispense with an inner electrically conductive enclosure.
    For deriving electrical charge into the ground, the equipotential bonding conductors are advantageously connected to a grounding system, in particular to one or more grounding bars. This avoids the formation of a potential difference of the device with respect to the earth potential and thus the emergence of spark discharge, which must be avoided in explosive areas as well as sparks within the analysis line through which the fluid could ignite. A connection of the electrically conductive components to a grounding system now ensures a potential or charge equalization with the ground potential, so that the danger of sudden and lightning-like electrical radio discharges is banned.
    The respective channel or the respective media tube is preferably made of polypropylene plastic or thermoplastic material, in particular of PTFE, PFA, or PVDF. Alternatively, it can also be made of a non-ferrous metal or a metal alloy, in particular alloyed or high-alloy stainless steel. Another suitable material is titanium. The choice of material still depends on the medium or fluid to be transported; Particularly in the case of chemically aggressive or chlorine-containing gases, metals or metallic alloys are suitable. Typical duct diameters in industrial applications range from 4 mm to 20 mm.
    Preferably, a heating device for temperature control of the medium is provided. By heating the fluid, condensation of the fluid or portions thereof during transport through the channel can be prevented. In this way it is possible to transport a sample to be transported in the device in its original composition to an examination device or analytical station.
    In the embodiment with a heater preferably both the heater and the respective channel are surrounded by the inner sheath. In this way, there is a direct contact between the heater and the channels, so that the heat can be transferred directly to the medium. As a result, the heat development in the respective channel can be calculated or predicted better and thus adjusted better. This would be much more difficult due to an optionally present heat-insulating effect of the inner envelope.
    The heating device is preferably designed as a self-regulating heater, that is, once set to a desired setpoint temperature or preconfigured this temperature is maintained only by the behavior or the properties of the heater itself and without external control and regulation processes. Alternatively, a control and regulating unit can be provided, which adjusts the temperature of the medium to a desired setpoint temperature, using temperature sensors which measure the actual temperature. The heating device then preferably has means for regulating the temperature, wherein the actual value of the temperature is determined by temperature sensors and the desired temperature is adjusted by an electronic control unit by varying the current intensity or voltage. Advantageously, maximum and / or minimum temperature can also be specified which must not be exceeded or fallen short of.
    The heating device is preferably designed as a heating tape, which rests against the respective channel. Such a configuration allows a space-optimized temperature control of the fluid in the channel. For a uniform and constant heating, the heating band is preferably arranged along the entire channel. The heating function is advantageously produced by two heating conductors guided in the heating band or the heating band body, which heat up when the voltage is applied by the charge transport. The heating tape is preferably self-regulating, so that, for example, the properties of the material of the heating tape body in dependence on the temperature change so that there is a current flow, which leads to the desired temperature. The material of the heating tape then preferably comprises directly conducting polymers.
    As an alternative to a heating tape, the heater may also be formed as a number of heating pipes, which are for example steam-heated. That is, through the respective heating tube hot steam is passed, which at least partially releases its heat to the fluid. Preferably, exactly one steam pipe is provided, which rests directly on as many channels as possible.
    The electrically insulating intermediate layer, which is arranged between the inner and the outer sheath, is preferably made of heat-insulating material. Particularly suitable as material are thermal or glass fiber fleeces or also combinations of the two, as well as silicone or silicone foam.
    With regard to the method, the above-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention with the steps of - cutting through a device at least one point to form at least one end piece of the device; - sealing the end piece; - placing a conductive cap, in particular made of PTFE, on the tailpiece; - Applying a conductive shrink tubing on the cap and partially the outer jacket.
    Preferably, the respective channel and / or the respective equipotential bonding conductor and / or the heating tape are guided by cap through respective openings in the shrink tube.
    The conductive shrink tube secures the cap to the jacket and provides a conductive connection between the two. The shrink tube is preferably made of dissipative PE, conductive adhesive based on PA, lead and cadmium free formed.
    In a preferred embodiment of the method, in each case as described above, in each case a cap and each shrinking tube are shrunk at two ends of the device.
    The advantages of the invention are in particular that the dissipative outer sheath can be made of a smooth material, whereby the installation of the device is facilitated. The outer sheath can be made thicker and more resistant than known annular corrugated sheaths, so that the life of the outer sheath is increased and risks of ignition sparks are avoided. The device can be assembled on site. The device allows a secure resting of the outer jacket on the conductive layer, so that a discharge of charge can be done reliably. Since all components of the device used are conductive, no dangerous charging can occur even during initial or final assembly.
    An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. In it show in a highly schematic representation:
    1 shows a device for transporting a medium in a preferred embodiment in a cross section.
    FIG. 2 shows the device according to FIG. 1 at a first end in a plan view; FIG.
    FIG. 3 shows the device according to FIG. 1 at a second end in a plan view; FIG.
    FIG. 4 shows the device according to FIG. 1 at the first end in a perspective view; FIG.
    Fig. 5 shows the device according to Fig. 1 at the second end in a perspective view.
    Identical parts are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.
    A device for transporting a medium 2 is designed as an analysis line and shown in Fig. 1 in a cross section. The device 2 is used to transport gas samples from a sampling point to an analysis device, with distances of several hundred meters can be traveled. To transport the gas in or opposite to an axial direction of the device 2, two tubular channels 8 and gas conductors are provided, which are made of PE material. For temperature control of the gas within the channels 8, a heating tape 14 is provided, which comprises a heating tape body 20 and two embedded in the heating tape body 20 heating element 26. The heating tape 14 is preferably designed as an electrical, self-regulating heating tape. The heating tape body 20 is preferably made of conductive polymers mixed with conductive carbon black. The heating band outputs are between 16 W / m to 64 W / m at 10 ° C. The power required to heat the medium depends on the length of the heating tape.
    Alternatively, a heating tape may be provided, in which the temperature is controlled by a control and regulating unit. For temperature measurement temperature sensors are then mounted on the outside of the inner tube. On the one hand, a limitation of the maximum temperature is provided, on the other hand, there is also a control of the temperature. The maximum temperature has a certain effect on the regulation as a constraint, i. it is ensured that the measured maximum temperature is not exceeded. So that this also corresponds to the actually highest possible temperature, the temperature sensor should be placed in the area of the highest ambient temperatures. For applications where a minimum temperature should not be underrun, the temperature sensor should be installed at the lowest ambient temperature location.
    The limiter is usually set to the maximum (or minimum) allowable temperature. Two temperature sensors can also be used, one of which is used to limit to a minimum temperature and the other temperature sensor to limit to a maximum temperature. Such a configuration is suitable for zones with strongly fluctuating ambient temperatures. The control process is then carried out under the condition that the maximum and / or minimum temperature is not exceeded or fallen below.
    The device 2 further comprises an outer shell 32, which shields the inner components against external influences, damage, strains, etc. The device 2 or analytical line is adapted to be used in potentially explosive areas, in particular IIC areas. The outer jacket 32 or the material from which it is made, is designed to be electrically conductive or dissipative. In the preferred embodiment shown, the material of the outer jacket 32 is made from extruded thermoplastic urethane having a homogeneously distributed proportion of 1 to 6% by weight of CNTs, in particular 4 to 0% by weight of CNTs. The device 2 has further components which, in particular in combination with the conductive outer jacket 32, allow an effective and rapid dissipation of electrical charge and thus avoid the formation of sparks even in IIC areas. With a content of 2% by weight of CNTs, resistances of 100 kΩ · m and 50 kΩ · m were measured at voltages of 500 V and 1000 V, respectively.
    At 4 wt .-% CNTs result at 500 V / 1000 V values of 10 kQ m / 5 kQ · m. At even higher CNT levels, the resistance is even lower.
    For this purpose, the device 2 initially has an inner sheath 38, which in the present case is designed as an aluminum foil. Seen in a radial direction 4, an outer casing 50 is provided outside the inner casing 38 within the outer casing 32, which is also formed as an aluminum foil. The inner sheath 38 and the outer sheath 50 extend cylindrically along the axial direction of the device 2. The inner sheath 38 and the outer sheath 40 are each connected by a potential equalization conductor 58, 56 to a grounding system so that both sheaths 38, 50 are the first have the same electrical potential and secondly, this potential is identical to the ground potential, so that there is no potential difference from earth. This means that if electric charges accumulate on one of the two sheaths 38, 50, charge compensation takes place via earth via the respective equipotential bonding conductor 58, 56.
    In this way, sparks or electrical lightning-like discharges are prevented. These could arise, for example, if separate electric charges in the channel 8 and this is thus charged electrically and no equipotential bonding to the outer jacket 32 would take place. In particular, the combination between outer jacket 32 and electrically connected thereto outer sheath 50, which is radially within the outer shell 32, allows an effective and reliable dissipation of charges.
    Between the outer jacket 32 and the outer envelope 50, a surrounding layer 62 surrounding the outer envelope is provided, which preferably consists of a PETP film. This layer 62 is provided for production-technical reasons, to avoid damage to the outer casing 50 during the production process of the analysis line. It thus effectively acts as a protective layer and, moreover, does not fulfill any technical function in the present exemplary embodiment.
    Seen in the radial direction 44, an intermediate layer 68 of thermal fleece is disposed between the inner sheath 38 and the outer sheath 50. The intermediate layer 68 thus fulfills a dual function: on the one hand, it serves for the electrical insulation of the two enclosures 38, 50. On the other hand, it ensures thermal insulation of the heated channels 8, so that energy can be saved for their heating. Furthermore, thereby the channels are shielded from external temperature influences, so that lower fluctuations in the temperature of the fluid occur.
    The device 2 described can be assembled on site, that is to say in the case of its concrete laying, i. be adapted in particular in their length. In Fig. 2, the device 2 according to FIG. 1 at a first end 82 and the beginning, which corresponds to the sample end, shown in a plan view, wherein at the end 82, an end portion 83 of the device 2 is formed. In this case, a cap 80 or end cap is put over the outer casing 32 or placed thereon. The cap is preferably made of PTFE. About the cap 80 and partially over the outer shell 32, a shrink tube 86 of conductive material is shrunk. In this way, the end 82 and tail 83 are protected and at the same time by the use of conductive materials for cap 80 and Schrumpfschlauich 86 prevents the formation of sparks.
    In Fig. 3, the device 2 is shown at a second end 92, which corresponds to the analysis end. Also at this end a cap 80 and a shrink tube 86 are provided, the two are made of electrically conductive material. Furthermore, a power supply 100 is led out of the cap 80 and shrink tube 86.
    The two ends of the device 2 (sample end, analysis end) are preferably provided with end caps as described. In an alternative embodiment, shrinkable end caps are used to provide protection against moisture and dust ingress.
    In FIGS. 4 and 5, the device 2 is shown in perspective with its first 82 and second end 92, respectively. The device 2 is preferably provided as a coiled or wound on a cable drum tube bundle, which is then unwound for laying carefully from the drum. If necessary, then the analysis line is cut or separated from the drum. The caps 80 or shrink tubes 86 shown above are then placed or shrunk onto the two ends created thereby.
    Both ends must be sealed (e.g., with silicone) to protect against ingress of moisture, dust, and possibly carryover of explosive gases. This sealing of the ends ensures a gas-tightness of the device at the ends, whereby a possible carryover of explosive gases is prevented.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    claims
    Device (2) for transporting a medium, having at least one channel (8) extending in an axial direction (10) through which the medium is guided, the respective channel (8) being guided by an electrically conductive inner envelope (38). surrounded by a potential equalization conductor (58) and with an outer sheath (32), wherein between the channel (8) and the outer sheath (32) an electrically conductive outer sheath (50) is provided, wherein the outer sheath ( 50) is connected to an electrically conductive potential equalization conductor (56), wherein between the channel (8) and the outer sheath (50) an electrically insulating intermediate layer (68) is arranged, wherein the intermediate layer (68) is made of heat-insulating material, characterized characterized in that the outer jacket (32) is designed to be electrically conductive.
    [2]
    2. Device (2) according to claim 1, wherein the outer jacket (32) is formed from a thermoplastic material with 1 to 6 wt .-% carbon nanotubes.
    [3]
    3. Device (2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the device (2) has at least one end piece (82,92) on which a conductive cap (80) is applied.
    [4]
    4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein on the cap (80) and partially on the outer shell (32) a conductive shrink tube (86) is applied, which fixes the cap (80) and conductively connected to the outer jacket (32).
    [5]
    5. Device (2) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one channel (8) is made of thermoplastic material.
    [6]
    6. Device (2) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one channel (8) is made of a metal alloy.
    [7]
    7. Device (2) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a heating device (14) is provided for controlling the temperature of the medium.
    [8]
    8. A method of manufacturing a device (2) according to any one of claims 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, comprising the steps of - severing the device (2) at least one point to form at least one end piece (82,92) of the device ; - sealing the end piece (82, 92); - placing a conductive cap (80), in particular of PTFE, on the end piece (82,92); - Applying a conductive shrink tube (86) on the cap (80) and partially the outer shell (32).
    [9]
    9. The method of claim 8, wherein a shrink tube (86) is used, which consists of dissipative PE and / or dissipative adhesive based on PA and which is free of lead and cadmium.
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    法律状态:
    2021-07-30| AZW| Rejection (application)|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102017128760.4A|DE102017128760B3|2017-12-04|2017-12-04|Device for transporting a medium and packaging process|
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